When the hills turn white, and the trails harden underfoot, an ice axe becomes one of the most essential tools in your pack. Whether you’re tackling a snowy Munro or venturing into the high fells in winter, knowing how to use an ice axe can make all the difference between a confident climb and a dangerous slide.
If you’re new to winter hiking or mountaineering, here’s a straightforward guide to help you understand how and when to use your ice axe safely and effectively.
Why You Need an Ice Axe
An ice axe isn’t just for climbing — it’s your all-around winter companion. It helps you:
- Maintain balance on steep or icy terrain
- Cut steps or clear small patches of snow and ice
- Arrest a fall (stop yourself sliding down a slope)
- Anchor yourself when you need stability in tough conditions
Think of it as a third point of contact — part walking stick, part safety tool.
Holding the Ice Axe
When walking uphill or across a slope, hold the axe in your uphill hand, with the adze (the flat blade) facing backwards and the pick facing forward.
- Grip it by the head, with your thumb under the adze and your fingers curled around the pick.
- Let the shaft rest comfortably down your side, ready to plant into the snow as you move.
This gives you instant support if you slip or need to self-arrest.
Using It for Balance
When walking on a steep snow slope, the axe acts like a walking pole.
- Plant the spike (bottom end of the shaft) into the snow ahead of you with each step.
- Keep your movements smooth and deliberate — your ice axe should feel like an extension of your arm.
If you change direction or the slope angle changes, switch hands so it’s always on the uphill side.
The Self-Arrest: Stopping a Fall
This is the skill that really matters. Practising this in a controlled environment (like a gentle snow slope) is essential before heading into the mountains.
Here’s the basic process:
- As soon as you slip, roll onto your stomach, facing the slope.
- Pull the head of the axe tight against your chest, with your hand over the adze.
- Drive the pick into the snow by pressing your weight down through the axe.
- Keep your legs raised slightly to avoid catching your crampons.
- Let the axe bite and slow your slide until you come to a full stop.
Speed and instinct are key — the quicker you react, the more effective the arrest.
Other Useful Techniques
- Cutting Steps: Use the adze to carve small footholds in icy sections.
- Anchoring: Plunge the shaft into firm snow to create a temporary anchor while resting or belaying.
- Descending: When heading down steep snow, hold the axe across your body for stability, pick facing back.
Practice Makes Perfect
Reading about it is one thing — doing it safely is another. Take a winter skills course or spend time practising your ice axe techniques in a safe setting before venturing out on big winter routes.
Confidence with your axe will make your hikes safer, smoother, and far more enjoyable.
Final Thoughts
Using an ice axe is all about preparation, awareness, and respect for the conditions. Once you’re comfortable with it, that simple tool becomes your best friend on the hill — keeping you upright, steady, and safe when winter takes hold.
So next time you head for a snowy summit, pack your axe, take your time, and enjoy the adventure. The hills might look colder, but they’ve never been more alive.
